Judicial principles and studies
Voidness of Promise-to-Sell, Apparent Agency, and Validity of Standing
Decision reference: تمييز حقوق هيئة عامة رقم ١٢٢٣-٢٠٢٥
The study examines the doctrine of apparent agency, its effects between principal and third parties, the conditions for its existence, and a rule limiting the use of a decisive oath on the validity of standing.
Leases and use rights
Judicial principles and studies
Updated: 10 September 2026
Editorial summary of a judicial principle or decision; consult the source below and do not treat the firm as the author of the decision.
Smart reading summary
Understand and share the study quickly
The study examines the doctrine of apparent agency, its effects between principal and third parties, the conditions for its existence, and a rule limiting the use of a decisive oath on the validity of standing.
Key points
- Subject
- Summary
- Practical significance
Useful for: Useful for initial reading and identifying questions that may need legal review.
This automatic summary is based on the published text. It is not legal advice and does not replace checking official sources and reviewing the facts with a qualified lawyer.
AI generation is optional and subject to Gemini usage limits. Do not send client data or attachments from this card.
Subject
This summary addresses the doctrine of apparent agency, developed by the judiciary and adopted by doctrine to protect third parties who reasonably rely on outward appearances of authority and to promote transactional stability.
Summary
- Apparent agency requires three judicially recognized conditions. - When those conditions—particularly the third—are met, apparent agency produces the same legal effects as a genuine agency between the principal and the third party; the apparent agent is treated as the principal's representative in dealings with third parties. - Applying apparent agency requires the court to examine the case file and evidence to determine whether the outward manifestations that induced the third party's belief were present; this principle is drawn from cassation decision No. 1529/2024. - A settled rule prohibits directing a decisive oath concerning the validity of the standing ("صحة الخصومة"); an appellate court should not inform the plaintiff that she cannot prove her claim and thereby require her to take a decisive oath in such situations. This content is a general educational summary, not a judicial text or legal advice.
Practical significance
This is a general educational summary based on the points published in the official source. It does not replace the original material or a review by Ashraf Al-Khawaja before relying on it for any action.
Frequently asked questions
Subject?
This summary addresses the doctrine of apparent agency, developed by the judiciary and adopted by doctrine to protect third parties who reasonably rely on outward appearances of authority and to promote transactional stability.
Summary?
- Apparent agency requires three judicially recognized conditions. - When those conditions—particularly the third—are met, apparent agency produces the same legal effects as a genuine agency between the principal and the third party; the apparent agent is treated as the principal's representative in dealings with third parties. - Applying apparent agency requires the court to examine the case file and evidence to determine whether the outward manifestations that induced the third party's belief were present; this principle is drawn from cassation decision No. 1529/2024. - A settled rule prohibits directing a decisive oath concerning the validity of the standing ("صحة الخصومة"); an appellate court should not inform the plaintiff that she cannot prove her claim and thereby require her to take a decisive oath in such situations. This content is a general educational summary, not a judicial text or legal advice.
Practical significance?
This is a general educational summary based on the points published in the official source. It does not replace the original material or a review by Ashraf Al-Khawaja before relying on it for any action.
Sources and references
Verify the official text and latest amendments before relying on this material professionally.
Study collection
Work and employment
Browse the other studies in this subject through its dedicated topical section.
Open study collectionA related service path
Legal consultation and studies
If this study is close to your matter, review the service scope and contact the firm to discuss the facts and documents.
Review the related serviceRelated Jordanian-law guides
Contextual links to related public guide routes; they remain limited to Jordanian law and do not replace matter review.